Most Common Causes of Female Infertility

If you are having trouble conceiving, you or your partner may have a fertility problem. Of course, the likelihood of conception is affected by a wide range of factors, including how long you’ve been off birth control, how often you have sex, you weight and general health, and much more. If you’ve been trying for a year or more, however, a more serious problem might be the cause. The following are the most common causes of female infertility:

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an imbalance of hormones, which prevents normal ovulation. Of course, without the release of eggs, it’s impossible to become pregnant. A doctor can prescribe medication that will help your body to ovulate regularly in case if you are diagnosed with PCOS.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occurs when the reproductive organs are infected. This can be the result of sexually transmitted diseases, abortion, or surgery. The scarred organs can block the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg. Depending on the severity of PID, it can be treated with antibiotics or surgery.

Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of tissue in the uterus. Most women have them at some point, and when they are small, they are not harmful. However, if they are large and numerous, they may interfere with conception and a healthy pregnancy. Doctors can typically detect uterine fibroids during a normal pelvic exam. If you have fibroids that are causing infertility, you can have them removed through a non-invasive procedure.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disorder in which the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, attaches to places outside the uterus. During menstruation, this lining sheds but cannot exit the body. This can be painful and cause fertility problems. Fortunately, endometriosis can be treated by either medication or surgery. PREGNANCY TIPS TO HELP YOU CONCEIVE The time to start working toward a healthy pregnancy is before you conceive. If you are trying to get pregnant quick, our pregnancy tips are good start to get your body ready for conception process. Read more here

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common causes of female infertility in the UK?

The most common causes of female infertility include polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. According to NHS statistics, around 1 in 7 UK couples experience fertility issues, with female factors accounting for approximately one-third of cases. Your GP can arrange initial tests to help identify any underlying conditions affecting your ability to conceive.

When should I see my GP about fertility problems?

The NHS recommends visiting your GP if you've been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, or after 6 months if you're over 36. You should also seek advice sooner if you have irregular periods, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, or known conditions like PCOS or endometriosis. Your GP can arrange initial fertility investigations and refer you to a specialist if needed.

Can I get fertility treatment on the NHS for conditions like PCOS?

Yes, fertility treatment for conditions like PCOS is available on the NHS, though eligibility criteria vary depending on your local Integrated Care Board (ICB). NICE guidelines recommend that women with PCOS who aren't ovulating should be offered medications such as letrozole or clomifene citrate. Your GP can refer you to an NHS fertility clinic where specialists will assess your situation and discuss treatment options.

How long are NHS fertility clinic waiting times in the UK?

NHS fertility clinic waiting times vary significantly across the UK, ranging from a few weeks to over 12 months depending on your area and the treatment required. You can ask your GP about local waiting times when requesting a referral. Some couples choose to begin private investigations whilst waiting for NHS appointments to avoid delays in diagnosis.

Can pelvic inflammatory disease cause permanent infertility?

PID can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes if left untreated, potentially leading to blocked tubes and difficulty conceiving naturally. However, early treatment with antibiotics can prevent long-term complications. If you've had PID and are struggling to conceive, your GP can refer you for tests to check whether your fallopian tubes have been affected, and treatments such as IVF may be available through the NHS.

Will the NHS remove uterine fibroids if they're causing infertility?

Yes, the NHS can offer treatment for uterine fibroids that are affecting your fertility, including procedures like myomectomy to remove them. Your consultant will assess the size, number, and location of your fibroids to determine the best approach. NICE guidelines support surgical intervention when fibroids are distorting the uterine cavity and contributing to fertility problems.

How is endometriosis diagnosed and treated for fertility in the UK?

Endometriosis is typically diagnosed through laparoscopy, a keyhole surgical procedure available on the NHS. Treatment options for fertility include laparoscopic surgery to remove endometrial tissue, or assisted conception techniques like IVF if natural conception isn't possible. NICE guidelines recommend that women with endometriosis-related infertility should be referred to a specialist fertility clinic for tailored advice and treatment planning.